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Held : 15th – 24th October, Meiringen, Switzerland
General background and objectives
The course will consist of modules including classroom sessions, workshops, case studies, field trips and practical application (hands-on experience) at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS). The course structure will allow interaction with the tutors and enough time will be reserved for ad hoc discussions on specific topics in the afternoon of each day.
To set the stage, a first series of lectures will cover the basic concepts and theories of underground rock facilities (URFs). Beside general aspects of working underground the roles and benefits of URFs in the different stages of a national radioactive waste disposal programme will be at the centre of the presentations. For logistical reasons, some of these lectures will be held during the ongoing practical exercises, which will take place underground, at the GTS.
The focus of the practical modules will be the development of an in depth understanding of radionuclide transport and retardation processes through deep geological formations (clays and fractured rocks). Although the practical training will be performed at the GTS, the course will not only address (Grimsel) granite specific aspects, but other URFs and other geological environments. The discussion of examples from other locations (and host rocks) will provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and limitations of tracer testing and radionuclide migration projects within the frame of typical repository implementation phases.
Course Outline
Lectures and discussions
- Types of URF and their place at different stages of a national repository development programme
- Repository site characterization requirements and their relationship with URFs
- Strategies for developing URF programmes within national programmes
- Working in clay environments
- using the data from Mt Terri URL for repository feasibility studies
- the Hades URL: experience gained over the last 20 years
- Working in hard rocks
- geosphere retardation processes overview and discussion of migration and retardation projects performed at the GTS
- transport in fractured rocks - geological and hydraulic properties of water conducting features, including methodologies for characterization of water conducting features
- Ongoing and planned projects at the GTS utilizing radionuclides
- Theory and practice of in-situ tracer testing: basics of hydrotesting, data needs, equipment requirements
- Case studies on retardation experiments - setting the objectives, planning the in-situ work, implementation and interpretation
Complementary laboratory programmes
- Working with radionuclides in-situ: introduction to applied radioprotection
- Field work at the GTS with tracers
- Raw data handling and analysis
- Modelling exercises are part of the course, using data from previous experiments and the data generated during the course tracer test exercise.
Course Organiser
The course is organised by the ITC-School in collaboration with, and supported by, the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) within its network on Training and Demonstration of Waste Disposal Technologies in Underground Research Facilities (http://www-tc.iaea.org/tcweb/default.asp).
The local host organisation is Nagra (National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste ( www.nagra.ch).
Participants from IAEA Technical Co-operation Project
The IAEA will finalise arrangements for the INT 9.173 Technical Co-operation Project "Training in Radioactive Waste Disposal Technologies in Underground Research Facilities", of which this course is a part. A draft prospectus will be circulated by IAEA to target countries in the scheme which explains the application procedure and the support arrangements. Participants from the countries within the IAEA training scheme (Argentina, Armenia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, the Peoples Republic of China, Croatia, the Czech Republic, India, Lithuania, Kazakstan, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Romania, Republic of South Africa, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine) should contact responsible officers at the Agency as below.
Mr. Mykola Kurylchyk Department of Technical Co-operation, ext. 26368 e-mail
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Malcolm Gray, Technical Officer, Department of Nuclear Energy, Division of Waste Management and the Fuel Cycle, IAEA for details: Tel. ++ 43 1 2600 21535; e-mail:
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Course Programme
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Monday 15th October
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0830 - 0930
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Introduction and Welcomes
Participants introduce themselves
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0930 - 1030
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The concept of geological disposal and geological environments for deep disposal
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1030 – 1100
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Coffee/tea
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1100 - 1230
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Radionuclide migration processes in the geosphere (sorption, precipitation, matrix diffusion, colloids etc) and the link between Rd and Kd
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1230 - 1400
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Lunch
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1400 - 1500
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Treatment of radionuclide migration in PA: what are the data requirements
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1500 – 1530
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Coffee/tea
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1530 - 1630
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Gathering data for radionuclide migration use in PA from field site characterisation
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Tuesday 16th October
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0900 - 1015
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Historical overview of large-scale in situ radionuclide tracer testing experiments (surface and URL based) and their findings
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1015 - 1045
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Coffee/tea
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1045 - 1200
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Supporting laboratory experiments – how do the data and techniques support field experiments and what are the limitations?
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1200 - 1400
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Lunch and transfer to Grimsel Test Site (GTS)
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1400 - 1430
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Introduction to the GTS
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1430 - 1530
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GTS tour and visit to ongoing experiments
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1530 – 1700
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Introduction to the practical exercises (planning, radioprotection issues, drilling, mapping, follow-on hydro testing)
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1700 – 1745
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Visit the Crystal Cave and return to Meiringen
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Wednesday 17th October
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0830 - 1000
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Water-conductive features in fractured rocks: characterisation, abstraction of information for PA
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1000 - 1030
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Coffee/tea
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1030 - 1130
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Modelling in situ radionuclide tracer tests a look at how the approach has evolved
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1130 - 1230
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Upscaling in situ tracer tests to the repository – integration of lab, in situ & natural analogue data: example of the HPF experiment
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1230
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Lunch and FREE AFTERNOON
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Thursday 18th October
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0830
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Depart for GTS
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0900 - 1130
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Case Study: Setting the Objectives
Planning and design of in situ work implementation and interpretation
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1130 - 1230
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Radioprotection aspects of tracer tests in URLs
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1200 - 1330
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Lunch
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1330 - 1700
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Introduction to hydraulic testing
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Do, or observe, a simple hydraulic test
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First estimation of hydraulic characteristics based on field interpretation tools
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1700
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Depart for Meiringen
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Friday 19th October
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0830
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Depart for GTS
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0830 - 1230
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Modelling exercise on the planned tracer test
Design of tracer test and experimental set-up
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1230 - 1330
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Lunch
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1330 - 1600
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Tracer Test Exercise
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1600 - 1700
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Case Study: Colloid Retardation Analysis
From the CRR experiment to today’s CFM project
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1700
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Depart for Meiringen
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Free WEEKEND J
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Monday 22nd October
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0830
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Depart for GTS
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0900 - 1230
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Tracer Test Exercise
First interpretation, comparison of model and results and lessons learned
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1230 - 1330
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Lunch
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1330 - 1700
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Second Tracer Test Exercise
Setting the objectives
Design of the experiment and modelling
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1700
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Depart for Meiringen
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Tuesday 23rd October
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0830
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Depart for GTS
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0900 - 1230
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Second Tracer Test Exercise
Using either another tracer (sorbing/non-sorbing) or other flow fields
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1230 - 1330
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Lunch
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1330 - 1600
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Comparison of results of 1st and 2nd tracer tests and interpretation of retardation results
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1600 - 1700
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Case Study: The LTD experiment with focus on the choice of radionuclides
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1700
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Depart for Meiringen
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Wednesday 24th October
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0830 - 1200
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Presentation of Group Results
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1200 - 1330
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Lunch
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1330 - 1415
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The regulator’s view of in situ radionuclide tracer tests – how and why did HSK license Nagra to begin these tests over 20 years ago?
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1415 - 1500
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Have data from in situ test been used successfully to support the needs of PA discussed early in the week?
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1500 - 1530
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Coffee/tea
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1530 - 1630
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Closing discussion and course wrap-up
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1630
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Close
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